schema.inc

<?php

/**
 * @file
 * Schema API handling functions.
 */
use Drupal\Core\Cache\CacheBackendInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Database\Database;
use Drupal\Core\Utility\SchemaCache;

/**
 * @addtogroup schemaapi
 * @{
 */

/**
 * Indicates that a module has not been installed yet.
 */
const SCHEMA_UNINSTALLED = -1;

/**
 * Indicates that a module has been installed.
 */
const SCHEMA_INSTALLED = 0;

/**
 * Gets the schema definition of a table, or the whole database schema.
 *
 * The returned schema will include any modifications made by any
 * module that implements hook_schema_alter().
 *
 * @param string $table
 *   The name of the table. If not given, the schema of all tables is returned.
 * @param bool $rebuild
 *   If TRUE, the schema will be rebuilt instead of retrieved from the cache.
 */
function drupal_get_schema($table = NULL, $rebuild = FALSE) {
  static $schema;
  if ($rebuild || !isset($table)) {
    $schema = drupal_get_complete_schema($rebuild);
  }
  elseif (!isset($schema)) {
    $schema = new SchemaCache();
  }
  if (!isset($table)) {
    return $schema;
  }
  if (isset($schema[$table])) {
    return $schema[$table];
  }
  else {
    return FALSE;
  }
}

/**
 * Gets the whole database schema.
 *
 * The returned schema will include any modifications made by any
 * module that implements hook_schema_alter().
 *
 * @param bool $rebuild
 *   If TRUE, the schema will be rebuilt instead of retrieved from the cache.
 */
function drupal_get_complete_schema($rebuild = FALSE) {
  static $schema;
  if (!isset($schema) || $rebuild) {

    // Try to load the schema from cache.
    if (!$rebuild && ($cached = cache()
      ->get('schema'))) {
      $schema = $cached->data;
    }
    else {
      $schema = array();

      // Load the .install files to get hook_schema.
      // On some databases this function may be called before bootstrap has
      // been completed, so we force the functions we need to load just in case.
      if (function_exists('module_load_all_includes')) {

        // This function can be called very early in the bootstrap process, so
        // we force the system_list() static cache to be refreshed to ensure
        // that it contains the complete list of modules before we go on to call
        // module_load_all_includes().
        system_list_reset();
        module_load_all_includes('install');
      }
      require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/core/includes/common.inc';

      // Invoke hook_schema for all modules.
      foreach (module_implements('schema') as $module) {

        // Cast the result of hook_schema() to an array, as a NULL return value
        // would cause array_merge() to set the $schema variable to NULL as well.
        // That would break modules which use $schema further down the line.
        $current = (array) module_invoke($module, 'schema');

        // Set 'module' and 'name' keys for each table, and remove descriptions,
        // as they needlessly slow down cache()->get() for every single request.
        _drupal_schema_initialize($current, $module);
        $schema = array_merge($schema, $current);
      }
      drupal_alter('schema', $schema);
      if ($rebuild) {
        cache()
          ->deleteTags(array(
          'schema' => TRUE,
        ));
      }

      // If the schema is empty, avoid saving it: some database engines require
      // the schema to perform queries, and this could lead to infinite loops.
      if (!empty($schema) && drupal_get_bootstrap_phase() == DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL) {
        cache()
          ->set('schema', $schema, CacheBackendInterface::CACHE_PERMANENT, array(
          'schema' => TRUE,
        ));
      }
    }
  }
  return $schema;
}

/**
 * Returns an array of available schema versions for a module.
 *
 * @param string $module
 *   A module name.
 *
 * @return array|bool
 *   If the module has updates, an array of available updates sorted by version.
 *   Otherwise, FALSE.
 */
function drupal_get_schema_versions($module) {
  $updates =& drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, NULL);
  if (!isset($updates[$module])) {
    $updates = array();
    foreach (module_list() as $loaded_module) {
      $updates[$loaded_module] = array();
    }

    // Prepare regular expression to match all possible defined hook_update_N().
    $regexp = '/^(?P<module>.+)_update_(?P<version>\\d+)$/';
    $functions = get_defined_functions();

    // Narrow this down to functions ending with an integer, since all
    // hook_update_N() functions end this way, and there are other
    // possible functions which match '_update_'. We use preg_grep() here
    // instead of foreaching through all defined functions, since the loop
    // through all PHP functions can take significant page execution time
    // and this function is called on every administrative page via
    // system_requirements().
    foreach (preg_grep('/_\\d+$/', $functions['user']) as $function) {

      // If this function is a module update function, add it to the list of
      // module updates.
      if (preg_match($regexp, $function, $matches)) {
        $updates[$matches['module']][] = $matches['version'];
      }
    }

    // Ensure that updates are applied in numerical order.
    foreach ($updates as &$module_updates) {
      sort($module_updates, SORT_NUMERIC);
    }
  }
  return empty($updates[$module]) ? FALSE : $updates[$module];
}

/**
 * Returns the currently installed schema version for a module.
 *
 * @param string $module
 *   A module name.
 * @param bool $reset
 *   Set to TRUE after installing or uninstalling an extension.
 * @param bool $array
 *   Set to TRUE if you want to get information about all modules in the
 *   system.
 *
 * @return string|int
 *   The currently installed schema version, or SCHEMA_UNINSTALLED if the
 *   module is not installed.
 */
function drupal_get_installed_schema_version($module, $reset = FALSE, $array = FALSE) {
  static $versions = array();
  if ($reset) {
    $versions = array();
  }
  if (!$versions) {
    if (!($versions = drupal_container()
      ->get('keyvalue')
      ->get('system.schema')
      ->getAll())) {
      $versions = array();
    }
  }
  if ($array) {
    return $versions;
  }
  else {
    return isset($versions[$module]) ? $versions[$module] : SCHEMA_UNINSTALLED;
  }
}

/**
 * Updates the installed version information for a module.
 *
 * @param string $module
 *   A module name.
 * @param string $version
 *   The new schema version.
 */
function drupal_set_installed_schema_version($module, $version) {
  drupal_container()
    ->get('keyvalue')
    ->get('system.schema')
    ->set($module, $version);

  // Reset the static cache of module schema versions.
  drupal_get_installed_schema_version(NULL, TRUE);
}

/**
 * Creates all tables defined in a module's hook_schema().
 *
 * Note: This function does not pass the module's schema through
 * hook_schema_alter(). The module's tables will be created exactly as the
 * module defines them.
 *
 * @param string $module
 *   The module for which the tables will be created.
 */
function drupal_install_schema($module) {
  $schema = drupal_get_schema_unprocessed($module);
  _drupal_schema_initialize($schema, $module, FALSE);
  foreach ($schema as $name => $table) {
    db_create_table($name, $table);
  }
}

/**
 * Removes all tables defined in a module's hook_schema().
 *
 * Note: This function does not pass the module's schema through
 * hook_schema_alter(). The module's tables will be created exactly as the
 * module defines them.
 *
 * @param string $module
 *   The module for which the tables will be removed.
 *
 * @return array
 *   An array of arrays with the following key/value pairs:
 *    - success: a boolean indicating whether the query succeeded.
 *    - query: the SQL query(s) executed, passed through check_plain().
 */
function drupal_uninstall_schema($module) {
  $schema = drupal_get_schema_unprocessed($module);
  _drupal_schema_initialize($schema, $module, FALSE);
  foreach ($schema as $table) {
    if (db_table_exists($table['name'])) {
      db_drop_table($table['name']);
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Returns the unprocessed and unaltered version of a module's schema.
 *
 * Use this function only if you explicitly need the original
 * specification of a schema, as it was defined in a module's
 * hook_schema(). No additional default values will be set,
 * hook_schema_alter() is not invoked and these unprocessed
 * definitions won't be cached.
 *
 * This function can be used to retrieve a schema specification in
 * hook_schema(), so it allows you to derive your tables from existing
 * specifications.
 *
 * It is also used by drupal_install_schema() and
 * drupal_uninstall_schema() to ensure that a module's tables are
 * created exactly as specified without any changes introduced by a
 * module that implements hook_schema_alter().
 *
 * @param string $module
 *   The module to which the table belongs.
 * @param string $table
 *   The name of the table. If not given, the module's complete schema
 *   is returned.
 */
function drupal_get_schema_unprocessed($module, $table = NULL) {

  // Load the .install file to get hook_schema.
  module_load_install($module);
  $schema = module_invoke($module, 'schema');
  if (isset($table)) {
    if (isset($schema[$table])) {
      return $schema[$table];
    }
    return array();
  }
  elseif (!empty($schema)) {
    return $schema;
  }
  return array();
}

/**
 * Fills in required default values for table definitions from hook_schema().
 *
 * @param array $schema
 *   The schema definition array as it was returned by the module's
 *   hook_schema().
 * @param string $module
 *   The module for which hook_schema() was invoked.
 * @param bool $remove_descriptions
 *   (optional) Whether to additionally remove 'description' keys of all tables
 *   and fields to improve performance of serialize() and unserialize().
 *   Defaults to TRUE.
 */
function _drupal_schema_initialize(&$schema, $module, $remove_descriptions = TRUE) {

  // Set the name and module key for all tables.
  foreach ($schema as $name => &$table) {
    if (empty($table['module'])) {
      $table['module'] = $module;
    }
    if (!isset($table['name'])) {
      $table['name'] = $name;
    }
    if ($remove_descriptions) {
      unset($table['description']);
      foreach ($table['fields'] as &$field) {
        unset($field['description']);
      }
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Retrieves a list of fields from a table schema.
 *
 * The returned list is suitable for use in an SQL query.
 *
 * @param string $table
 *   The name of the table from which to retrieve fields.
 * @param string $prefix
 *   An optional prefix to to all fields.
 *
 * @return array
 *   An array of fields.
 */
function drupal_schema_fields_sql($table, $prefix = NULL) {
  $schema = drupal_get_schema($table);
  $fields = array_keys($schema['fields']);
  if ($prefix) {
    $columns = array();
    foreach ($fields as $field) {
      $columns[] = "{$prefix}.{$field}";
    }
    return $columns;
  }
  else {
    return $fields;
  }
}

/**
 * Saves (inserts or updates) a record to the database based upon the schema.
 *
 * Do not use drupal_write_record() within hook_update_N() functions, since the
 * database schema cannot be relied upon when a user is running a series of
 * updates. Instead, use db_insert() or db_update() to save the record.
 *
 * @param string $table
 *   The name of the table; this must be defined by a hook_schema()
 *   implementation.
 * @param object|array $record
 *   An object or array representing the record to write, passed in by
 *   reference. If inserting a new record, values not provided in $record will
 *   be populated in $record and in the database with the default values from
 *   the schema, as well as a single serial (auto-increment) field (if present).
 *   If updating an existing record, only provided values are updated in the
 *   database, and $record is not modified.
 * @param array $primary_keys
 *   To indicate that this is a new record to be inserted, omit this argument.
 *   If this is an update, this argument specifies the primary keys' field
 *   names. If there is only 1 field in the key, you may pass in a string; if
 *   there are multiple fields in the key, pass in an array.
 *
 * @return bool|int
 *   If the record insert or update failed, returns FALSE. If it succeeded,
 *   returns SAVED_NEW or SAVED_UPDATED, depending on the operation performed.
 */
function drupal_write_record($table, &$record, $primary_keys = array()) {

  // Standardize $primary_keys to an array.
  if (is_string($primary_keys)) {
    $primary_keys = array(
      $primary_keys,
    );
  }
  $schema = drupal_get_schema($table);
  if (empty($schema)) {
    return FALSE;
  }
  $object = (object) $record;
  $fields = array();
  $default_fields = array();

  // Go through the schema to determine fields to write.
  foreach ($schema['fields'] as $field => $info) {
    if ($info['type'] == 'serial') {

      // Skip serial types if we are updating.
      if (!empty($primary_keys)) {
        continue;
      }

      // Track serial field so we can helpfully populate them after the query.
      // NOTE: Each table should come with one serial field only.
      $serial = $field;
    }

    // Skip field if it is in $primary_keys as it is unnecessary to update a
    // field to the value it is already set to.
    if (in_array($field, $primary_keys)) {
      continue;
    }

    // Skip fields that are not provided, default values are already known
    // by the database. property_exists() allows to explicitly set a value to
    // NULL.
    if (!property_exists($object, $field)) {
      $default_fields[] = $field;
      continue;
    }

    // However, if $object is an entity class instance, then class properties
    // always exist, as they cannot be unset. Therefore, if $field is a serial
    // type and the value is NULL, skip it.
    // @see http://php.net/manual/en/function.property-exists.php
    if ($info['type'] == 'serial' && !isset($object->{$field})) {
      $default_fields[] = $field;
      continue;
    }

    // Build array of fields to update or insert.
    if (empty($info['serialize'])) {
      $fields[$field] = $object->{$field};
    }
    else {
      $fields[$field] = serialize($object->{$field});
    }

    // Type cast to proper datatype, except when the value is NULL and the
    // column allows this.
    //
    // MySQL PDO silently casts e.g. FALSE and '' to 0 when inserting the value
    // into an integer column, but PostgreSQL PDO does not. Also type cast NULL
    // when the column does not allow this.
    if (isset($object->{$field}) || !empty($info['not null'])) {
      if ($info['type'] == 'int' || $info['type'] == 'serial') {
        $fields[$field] = (int) $fields[$field];
      }
      elseif ($info['type'] == 'float') {
        $fields[$field] = (double) $fields[$field];
      }
      else {
        $fields[$field] = (string) $fields[$field];
      }
    }
  }

  // Build the SQL.
  if (empty($primary_keys)) {

    // We are doing an insert.
    $options = array(
      'return' => Database::RETURN_INSERT_ID,
    );
    if (isset($serial) && isset($fields[$serial])) {

      // If the serial column has been explicitly set with an ID, then we don't
      // require the database to return the last insert id.
      if ($fields[$serial]) {
        $options['return'] = Database::RETURN_AFFECTED;
      }
      else {
        unset($fields[$serial]);
      }
    }

    // Create an INSERT query. useDefaults() is necessary for the SQL to be
    // valid when $fields is empty.
    $query = db_insert($table, $options)
      ->fields($fields)
      ->useDefaults($default_fields);
    $return = SAVED_NEW;
  }
  else {

    // Create an UPDATE query.
    $query = db_update($table)
      ->fields($fields);
    foreach ($primary_keys as $key) {
      $query
        ->condition($key, $object->{$key});
    }
    $return = SAVED_UPDATED;
  }

  // Execute the SQL.
  if ($query_return = $query
    ->execute()) {
    if (isset($serial)) {

      // If the database was not told to return the last insert id, it will be
      // because we already know it.
      if (isset($options) && $options['return'] != Database::RETURN_INSERT_ID) {
        $object->{$serial} = $fields[$serial];
      }
      else {
        $object->{$serial} = $query_return;
      }
    }
  }
  elseif ($query_return === FALSE && count($primary_keys) == 1) {
    $return = FALSE;
  }

  // If we are inserting, populate empty fields with default values.
  if (empty($primary_keys)) {
    foreach ($schema['fields'] as $field => $info) {
      if (isset($info['default']) && !property_exists($object, $field)) {
        $object->{$field} = $info['default'];
      }
    }
  }

  // If we began with an array, convert back.
  if (is_array($record)) {
    $record = (array) $object;
  }
  return $return;
}

/**
 * @} End of "addtogroup schemaapi".
 */